天柱山聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界地質(zhì)公園位于中國安徽省潛山市境內(nèi)，北緯30°35′17"～30°48′41"，東經(jīng)116°16′04"～116°33′41"。西北襟連大別山，東南瀕臨長江，面積413.14km2。主峰海拔1489.8m，獨立高聳、如柱擎天，故名“天柱”。公園位于華北、揚子兩大板塊之間大別造山帶的東段和郯-廬斷裂帶的復(fù)合部位。這里是全球范圍內(nèi)規(guī)模最大、剝露最深、出露最好、超高壓礦物和巖石組合最為豐富的超高壓變質(zhì)帶的重要地段，記錄了大陸板塊碰撞、俯沖、折返的壯觀地質(zhì)歷史過程，成為研究大陸動力學(xué)最典型地區(qū)之一。以郯廬斷裂帶上最美花崗巖地貌聞名于世，尤以崩塌堆壘地貌，成為全國同類景觀代表而贏得“天柱山型”花崗巖地貌的冠名美譽，自然風(fēng)光雄奇靈秀。園區(qū)內(nèi)40多個地點發(fā)現(xiàn)了60余種脊椎動物化石，具有亞洲的地方性特色，在研究古新世哺乳動物演化方面具有獨特的地位，被公認(rèn)為“亞洲哺乳動物的發(fā)源地之一，古脊椎動物化石的寶地”。
天柱山歷史悠久，文化積淀深厚。著名的新石器時代的“薛家崗文化”遺址即見證了6000多年前我們的先人在此繁衍生息及所創(chuàng)造的文明。春秋時期屬皖國封地，天柱山又名皖山，安徽省簡稱“皖”即源于此。公元前106年漢武帝劉徹登臨天柱山，封為南岳(后隋文帝改封衡山為南岳)。1982年以來，相繼被批準(zhǔn)為國家級風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)、國家森林公園、國家AAAAA級旅游景區(qū)。2005年成為國家地質(zhì)公園，2011年入選世界地質(zhì)公園網(wǎng)絡(luò)成員。
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Tianzhushan UNESCO Global Geopark
Tianzhushan UNESCO Global Geopark is located in Anqing?City, Anhui Province, P.R. China. Its geographic coordinates are 30°35′17″ ~ 30°48′41″N in northern latitude and 116°16′04″ ~ 116°33′41E in eastern longitude. It is connected with Dabieshan in the northwest and bordering on the Yangtze River in the southeast, with a total area of 413.14km2. The main peak is 1489.8m high in elevation, like a gigantic pillar propping up the heaven, so it is called “Tianzhu” (which literally means “Heavenly Pillar” in English). Tianzhushan Geopark is located in the eastern part of Dabieshan Orogenic Belt between North China and Yangtze Paleo-Plates and the southern part of Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone. It is currently internationally recognized as an important area of UHP metamorphic belt, because of its largest scale, deepest denudation, best exposure and most abundant UHP minerals and rock combinations in the world, recording the amazing geological process of the subduction, collision and turn-back of continental plates, therefore, the Tianzhushan area is one of the most typical areas for the studies of continental dynamics; besides, Tianzhushan Geopark is world-famous for its most beautiful granite landforms in the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone, in particular the cave landscape formed by landslides and collapsed stack of granite has been named as a landscape with the “Tianzhushan type” collapsed and stacked stones; in addition, more than 50 species of vertebrate fossils have been discovered in more than 20 sites within Tianzhushan Geopark, with Asian endemic characteristics, which makes Tianzhushan have a unique position in research of the evolution of Paleocene mammals, and be recognized as “one of the places of origin of Asian mammals and a treasure land of paleontological vertebrate fossils”.
Tianzhushan has a long history with profound culture. Famous Xuejiagang Culture relics in Neolithic Period witness the life, reproduction and the culture created by our ancestors 6000 years ago. In Spring and Autumn Period, Tianzhushan was subordinated to the State of Wan, so it is called Wanshan, and that’s why Anhui province is briefly called Wan. In 106 BC, Liu Che, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, ascended Tianzhushan and referred it as Sacred Southern Mountain (Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty altered Hengshan as Southern Mountain afterwards). Since 1982, Tianzhushan has been successively ratified as National Scenic Spot, National Forest Park and National AAAAA Tourist Attraction. Tianzhushan became National Geopark in 2005, and joined in GGN in 2011.
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